4WD vs. AWD: What’s The Difference?

If you live in an area that sees cold winters with a lot of rain or snow such as here in North Idaho, you’ve likely become familiar with the terms four-wheel drive and all-wheel drive, as vehicles equipped with these drivetrains are a popular choice for those who need to drive their vehicles through inclement weather.

While both of these terms refer to systems that send the engine’s power to all four wheels, AWD and 4WD systems have some major differences that are important for drivers to understand before embarking on their drive through the slick snow and ice filled roads. In this article, we’ll cover what both of these systems are, what separates the two, and which is right for you!

AWD

All-wheel drive vehicles are exactly that, as all four of the wheels receive power simultaneously. This equal distribution of power allows for the vehicle to find grip in even the toughest and lowest-traction conditions. 

In most cases, AWD systems are dynamic and adjust the power distribution between the front and rear wheels as needed to maintain adequate traction. This power split is generally decided by the vehicle’s internal computers, which adjusts based on readings from sensors in each of the wheels. 

Many AWD systems can even disconnect entirely from one set of wheels entirely, known as part-time all-wheel drive. Alternatively, full-time AWD systems will consistently send power to both sets of wheels but can still adjust the distribution on the fly.

All-wheel drive is a versatile system and found on a wide variety of vehicles, ranging from commuter sedans to family SUVs. 

4WD

Four-wheel drive systems similarly send the power to each wheel of the vehicle. Most 4WD vehicles split the power evenly between the front and rear axles, and are generally engaged by the driver rather than by the vehicle’s internal computer. When disengaged, 4WD systems will operate as if they were a RWD system. 

4WD vehicles are durable and versatile, using a transfer case to distribute power when activated from the interior. This even split and ability to deliver power even when multiple tires have lost traction, making 4WD vehicles the superior choice for extreme road conditions and off-road activities. 

While dependable and capable, 4WD systems are also generally limited in their abilities in most road conditions. When used on high-traction surfaces at regular driving speeds, 4WD systems run the risk of rapidly wearing the tires and potentially causing mechanical damage to the system itself. For this reason, 4WD systems are typically best left disengaged until they’re really needed. 

This limited use-case yet superior off-road performance is a large factor in why the majority of 4WD vehicles are found in larger SUVs or trucks. 

Some 4WD systems are considered “full-time”, meaning they do not include a switch to engage the system but rather sends power evenly to all wheels at all times. These systems include the necessary components to support full-speed driving even on high-traction surfaces.

Which Is Right For Me?

The answer to this question comes down to a variety of factors.

For the average driver that requires all-wheel power for their commutes and errands through inclement weather, all-wheel drive systems provide the most versatile and user-friendly experience, as the system does not have to be engaged and will dynamically alter power distribution as needed. 

4WD systems on the other hand provide superior performance in extreme low-traction conditions, however the need to engage the transfer case and its limited ability in everyday driving can make this system seem like a less attractive option for the average driver.

Drivetrain Services at Lake City Auto Care

No matter if you drive an AWD or 4WD vehicle, the experienced technicians at Lake City Auto Care have the equipment and training needed to provide you with dependable drivetrain and axle services! Don’t let drivetrain issues keep you from getting where you need to be this upcoming winter, schedule with our friendly team today by giving us a call or scheduling online.